All Seasons

Season 2021

  • S2021E01 City-States in European History

    • March 13, 2021

    In the first episode of the Contemplations of the Lotus Eaters, Hugo and Josh discuss the model of city-states as an alternative present throughout history to the nation-states ubiquitous today.

  • S2021E02 The World of Ten Thousand States

    • March 14, 2021

    In this episode of the Contemplations of the Lotus Eaters, Hugo and Josh hypothesize what a world full of modern-day city-states might look like and whether it would be achievable or even desirable.

  • S2021E03 The Potential of Artificial Intelligence

    • March 20, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss predictions about the future of AI, the benchmark for AI intelligence, where we are at currently, machine learning and whole brain emulation.

  • S2021E04 Will Superintelligent AI Destroy Humanity?

    • March 21, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the two models of superintelligent AI development and the potential dangers associated with superintelligence.

  • S2021E05 Why Are Some Countries Poor and Others Rich?

    • March 27, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss different development theories with a focus on Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory of institutions, laid out in the book Why Nations Fail, and debate its merits.

  • S2021E06 Is Democracy the Key to Development?

    • March 28, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss Acemoglu and Robinson’s theory of development, asking the question whether inclusive political institutions are synonymous with democracy, touching upon the distinction between democracy and good governance.

  • S2021E07 Marx’s Life and How It Shaped His Beliefs: Part I

    • April 3, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss Marx’s early life, how his experiences, thoughts and behaviour shaped his views and make parallels between Marx’s life and that of his modern day devotees.

  • S2021E08 Marx’s Life and How It Shaped His Beliefs: Part II

    • April 4, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss Marx’s life, how his experiences, thoughts and behaviour shaped his views and make parallels between Marx’s life and that of his modern day devotees.

  • S2021E09 How Voting Systems Determine Political Results

    • April 10, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the implications of using different voting systems - what effects they have on parties, political conflicts, and the broader culture.

  • S2021E10 Which Voting System Is the Best?

    • April 11, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the criteria for rating and comparing different electoral systems and look in more detail at several alternatives and less used systems.

  • S2021E11 Does Personality Predict Our Political Views?

    • April 17, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss research into politics and personality, it’s post-World War Two origins, and how people’s politics are associated with the Big 5 personality traits and personal values.

  • S2021E12 The Science of Virtue Signalling

    • April 18, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss virtue signalling, why it occurs and the association with the Dark Triad of personality. They also discuss predictors of right-wing authoritarianism, prejudice and conspiratorial belief’s association with the Big 5 personality traits.

  • S2021E13 Theories of Punishment

    • April 24, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the different theories of punishment, trying to figure out which one makes the most sense, and dissect some problems that arise in relation to certain theories.

  • S2021E14 How to Punish Best

    • April 25, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss various methods of administering punishment, weighing the pros and cons of each one.

  • S2021E15 What Impact Does Collectivism Have On The Individual?

    • May 1, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the evidence to suggest Individualism is growing among many societies around the world and weigh up the implications.

  • S2021E16 Is Too Much Individualism Bad?

    • May 2, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the origins of collectivism, the history of the psychological research, misconceptions and a more realistic picture.

  • S2021E17 Regulation Defines Society

    • May 8, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss different forms of regulation - from state to social to economic - and examine the characteristics and consequences tied to each of them.

  • S2021E18 Regulation by Competition

    • May 9, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the case for regulation by competition against regulation by state legislation.

  • S2021E19 The Wisdom of Taoist Philosophy

    • May 15, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the history of Taoist philosophy and its advantages and disadvantages.

  • S2021E20 The Wisdom of Buddhism

    • May 16, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the life and teachings of Siddharta Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. Also discussed is the science underlying the practice of meditation.

  • S2021E21 The Tale of Two Equalities

    • May 22, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the differences and similarities between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome and explore the possibility that the two might be closer to one another than one might think.

  • S2021E22 Is Equality a Noble Goal?

    • May 29, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss egalitarianism and equality, looking at what they are, why they are so prominent in political debates, and whether they are noble values and desirable goals to strive towards.

  • S2021E23 Why Is There a “Crisis” in the Human Sciences?

    • June 5, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the current replication crisis in the sciences, in particular the human sciences. They discuss the philosophies of science and scientific practises that created the crisis and the current progress on solving the crisis.

  • S2021E24 How to Best Classify Political Beliefs?

    • June 12, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the many ways to classify, distinguish, and group together political beliefs, trying to find out which one does the best job at representing the existing political landscape and whether political attitudes can be accurately tested.

  • S2021E25 UN’s Sustainable Development Goals

    • June 19, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the United Nations’ Agenda 2030, looking in detail and discussing the merits of the progress and policy targets included in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

  • S2021E26 The Impact of Social Media on the Individual

    • June 26, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss how social media impacts individuals in differing and complex ways and make suggestions on how to use social media in a positive way.

  • S2021E27 What Adaptations Make Human Beings Exceptional?

    • July 3, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the evolutionary adaptations that modern humans have and how they have contributed to our species dominance.

  • S2021E28 ‘Our Common Agenda’ for a Post-Covid World

    • July 10, 2021

    Hugo and Carl review the United Nations’ emerging “Our Common Agenda” coming out of the UN’s 75th anniversary, including the declaration setting out its main outlines, and discuss the future of the UN more broadly.

  • S2021E29 How Bad Is the War on Drugs?

    • July 17, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss Western policies towards drugs and drug use by looking at the effects of drugs, recreational use, addiction, and the damage the current status quo causes.

  • S2021E30 How to Tell If We Are Living in Socialism

    • July 24, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the nature of the Western political systems and whether what we have now is closer to capitalism or socialism.

  • S2021E31 Methods of Cultivating Virtue

    • July 31, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss concepts of virtue, meta-cognitive strategies of thinking about virtues, and their specific uses.

  • S2021E32 Democratic Peace Theory

    • August 7, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss whether democracies really are peaceful with respect to one another, and if so, what the best explanation for it might be.

  • S2021E33 What Are the Most Effective Means of Political Participation?

    • August 14, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss what you can do to engage with politics to best further your own aims.

  • S2021E34 Political Representation

    • August 21, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the concept of political representation, what the alternative views of it are, and whether the idea corresponds to what really happens in politics.

  • S2021E35 How to Rig an Election

    • August 28, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss different strategies that are employed by those who wish to subvert the results of an election.

  • S2021E36 The Border Debate

    • September 4, 2021

    Hugo and Josh review the debate around borders and migration, trying to expand it with arguments not usually present when the issue is discussed among the public.

  • S2021E37 The Science of Conformity

    • September 11, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss some classic psychological studies into conformity and contemporary neuroscientific research.

  • S2021E38 Are There Human Rights?

    • September 18, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the concept of human rights, including its many variations and difficulties.

  • S2021E39 What Is Intelligence?

    • September 25, 2021

    Josh and Hugo discuss the basis of intelligence and compare different interpretations in how it is defined.

  • S2021E40 The Tragedy of Schooling

    • October 2, 2021

    Hugo and Josh discuss the nature and history of government schooling, what school does to children and their learning and development, and mention some available alternatives.

  • S2021E41 Is Music Really Becoming Worse?

    • October 9, 2021

    Josh and Rory discuss the oft-cited view that Music as an artform is on the decline.

  • S2021E42 Diogenes the Dog’s Perfect Society

    • October 16, 2021

    Josh and Beau discuss what life would be like in a society organised by the principles of Diogenes the Cynic.

  • S2021E43 The Science of Dadism

    • October 23, 2021

    Josh and Carl discuss the scientific basis for Dadism.

  • S2021E44 Ghosts and Telling the Future

    • October 30, 2021

    Josh and Thomas discuss the field of parapsychology which applies the scientific method to claims of the paranormal. The two such claims examined here are those of the existence of ghosts and the ability to tell the future.

  • S2021E45 How Can “Bad People” Become Popular and Liked?

    • November 6, 2021

    Josh and Harry discuss how morally bad people can appear to be well liked by others and how this can come to be.

  • S2021E46 Philosophical Idealism

    • November 13, 2021

    Josh and Thomas discuss Philosophical Idealism. How some variations of idealism are used by the left, what the original proponents actually argue for and the limitations of these perspectives. They also discuss how the sensory information we receive of the outside world may not actually represent reality.

  • S2021E47 Free Will Is an Illusion

    • November 20, 2021

    Josh and Carl discuss the debate around the existence of free will, with Carl arguing that it exists and Josh arguing that it does not.

  • S2021E48 Tribalism and Group Preference

    • November 27, 2021

    Josh and Beau discuss some of the more reliable findings of social psychology and sociology concerning tribalism and group preferences.

  • S2021E49 How Effective Is the Westminster Parliamentary System?

    • December 4, 2021

    Josh and Callum outline the Westminster Parliamentary Model, it’s unusual idiosyncrasies and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the system.

  • S2021E50 The Culture and Politics of South Korea

    • December 11, 2021

    Josh and John provide an overview of the Geography, history, culture, politics and economy of South Korea.

  • S2021E51 Altruism and Selfishness

    • December 18, 2021

    Josh and Beau discuss the research into human altruism and selfishness, whether they are as distinct as they seem and try to establish which of the conflicting theories is most accurate.

  • S2021E52 The Culture and Politics of Russia : Part I

    • December 25, 2021

    Josh and Beau provide an overview of the Geography, history, culture, politics and economy of Russia. In this part, they discuss the history and geography of the country.

Season 2022

  • S2022E01 The Philosophical Direction of the West

    • January 1, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss the potential philosophical directions that the Western World may be heading towards.

  • S2022E02 The Culture and Politics of Russia: Part II

    • January 8, 2022

    Josh and Beau provide an overview of the Geography, history, culture, politics and economy of Russia. In this part they discuss the Culture, politics and economy of the country.

  • S2022E03 Why the Corporate Media Is Terrible

    • January 15, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the differing factors as to why the mainstream media coverage of events often misses the mark.

  • S2022E04 Social Hierarchy

    • January 22, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss historic social hierarchies from around the world, how they differ and the psychological mechanisms behind their formation.

  • S2022E05 The Culture and Politics of Scotland

    • January 29, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the geography, history, culture and politics of Scotland.

  • S2022E06 Why Monopolies Ruin Everything

    • February 5, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss how monopolies make everything worse, how government is to blame and propose potential solutions. The discussion focuses upon how antitrust laws create an unfair advantage for certain companies and how state run industries are always doomed to fail eventually.

  • S2022E07 What Makes a Good Leader?

    • February 12, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss both the psychological research and historic examples of what makes a good leader.

  • S2022E08 The Value of Nostalgia

    • February 19, 2022

    Josh and John discuss feelings of nostalgia, how they are evoked, how it was historically recognised, how distinct it is from other emotions and whether it has a good or bad effect on human wellbeing.

  • S2022E09 The Philosophy of Objectivism

    • February 26, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss the Objectivist philosophy of Ayn Rand.

  • S2022E10 Country Profile: Ukraine

    • March 5, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the geography, history, politics and culture of Ukraine.

  • S2022E11 How Government Controls Your Behaviour

    • March 12, 2022

    Josh and John discuss how insights from the behavioural sciences are being used by governments to control the decisions citizens make in their personal lives.

  • S2022E12 Venezuela's Economic Collapse Explained

    • March 19, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the economic policies that saw one of the richest countries in South America, Venezuela, unable to feed its citizens and supply basic goods.

  • S2022E13 Prepping

    • March 26, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the resources, skills and knowledge required to effectively prepare for disaster.

  • S2022E14 The Philosophy of Aesthetics

    • April 2, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss the philosophy of Aesthetics with reference to ideas of prominent thinkers as well as examining our current attitudes in modernity.

  • S2022E15 Postmodernism

    • April 9, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss postmodernism with reference to ideas of some of the key thinkers in the movement, examples in art, how it differs from modernism, what critics get wrong and how Hegel is the ultimate antidote to its ideas.

  • S2022E16 American Cultural Influence in Britain

    • April 16, 2022

    Josh and John discuss how America’s dominant position in the world has facilitated the mass propagation of American Culture.

  • S2022E17 What Can You Tell From a Person’s Appearance?

    • April 23, 2022

    Josh and Carl discuss the psychology, history and means of judging a person’s character based on their physical appearance.

  • S2022E18 The Culture and Politics of Imperial Japan

    • April 30, 2022

    John and Josh present the country profile of Imperial Japan, discussing 75 remarkable years of history, culture, and politics.

  • S2022E19 Existentialism

    • May 7, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss the philosophical roots of Existentialism, outline the philosophy itself, and the oppositional concept of Absurdism.

  • S2022E20 Social Credit System

    • May 14, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss China’s Social Credit system and how other countries in the West appear to be laying the groundwork for their implementation.

  • S2022E21 What Is Wrong with Western Philosophy?

    • May 21, 2022

    Josh and Thomas discuss the ways in which Western philosophy has become misguided as a discipline.

  • S2022E22 Why Sex Is Binary

    • May 28, 2022

    Josh and Harry examine the biology that dictates sex and how this shapes identity.

  • S2022E23 What Makes Good Art? Part I

    • June 4, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss what makes art good or bad with many examples throughout history. In this part they discuss post-war art.

  • S2022E24 What Makes Good Art? Part II

    • June 11, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss what makes art good or bad with many examples throughout history. This part covers art movements from the 1960s, with a focus on the gradual change in style from the art styles of the mid-19th century.

  • S2022E25 What Makes Good Art? Part III

    • June 18, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss what makes art good or bad with many examples throughout history. This part covers art movements from the 19th Century all the way to some of the earliest forms of art.

  • S2022E26 The Wisdom of Wabi-Sabi

    • June 25, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the uniquely Japanese aesthetic philosophy of Wabi-Sabi, which places particular emphasis on transience and imperfection.

  • S2022E27 Politics of Australia

    • July 2, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the quirks of Australian politics, the recent election and the various issues facing Australia in the future (especially lettuce and onions).

  • S2022E28 Globalism

    • July 9, 2022

    Josh and John discuss the nature of globalism, whether it could have positive effects and the agenda of the World Economic Forum.

  • S2022E29 China’s Incoming Economic Crisis

    • July 16, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the multitude of factors that contribute to the worsening economic crisis in China and how it will be a near-impossible situation to solve.

  • S2022E30 Who Should be Purged from the Right?

    • July 23, 2022

    Josh and Connor discuss who they think within the right prevent us from coming closer to achieving our political goals.

  • S2022E31 Our Amazing Space Exploration Progress

    • July 30, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss the James Webb telescope images we have received so far and why they are important. They also discuss the potential the telescope will have in the future, compare it to its predecessors and the technology on the craft itself.

  • S2022E32 The “Manosphere’s” Disastrous Dating Advice

    • August 6, 2022

    Josh and Connor dissect the Manosphere’s detrimental dating advice and propose healthier alternatives to finding long-lasting relationships.

  • S2022E33 Understanding Trans-Speciesism

    • August 13, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the nature of species dysphoria, touching upon possible causes, alienation, consciousness and the soul.

  • S2022E34 The Morality of Abortion

    • August 20, 2022

    Josh and Connor address the Complex and difficult moral questions around the abortion debate from their differing perspectives.

  • S2022E35 Nietzsche's Ascetic Priests

    • August 27, 2022

    Josh and Carl discuss Nietzsche's 'ascetic priests'—as outlined in the third essay of his Genealogy of Morals (1887)—and the application of this understanding in the modern world.

  • S2022E36 Josh’s Weird Psychology Round Up

    • September 3, 2022

    Beau picks Josh’s brain about the various aspects of the mind. They discuss how memories are formed, déjà vu and consciousness.

  • S2022E37 Sneaky Journalists’ Rhetorical Tricks

    • September 10, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the various methods used by journalists in written articles to convince you of their position using rhetorical tricks rather than evidence based arguments.

  • S2022E38 What Do the Elite Actually Want?

    • September 17, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss what political aims the elite have to best maintain and further expand their wealth and power.

  • S2022E39 Human Consciousness

    • September 24, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss the issues associated with defining consciousness, briefly discuss the history of the concept, the nature of consciousness itself, the competing explanations of the phenomenon and speculate how it might have evolved in the first place.

  • S2022E40 Why Women Love Serial Killers

    • October 1, 2022

    Josh and Connor discuss the case of Ted Bundy and why he, and many other serial killers, received fan mail and even marriage proposals. The attraction to such men are explained using psychological research into the Dark Triad traits of: Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy.

  • S2022E41 Is Protectionism Better Than Free Trade?

    • October 8, 2022

    Josh and Harry evaluate how effective protectionist economic policies are and when they might be appropriate with reference to historic views and examples.

  • S2022E42 How America Became the Most Powerful Country

    • October 15, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss the factors that contributed to the rise of the United States as the dominant world power.

  • S2022E43 Is the Left Really More Creative?

    • October 22, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the validity of what is considered commonly held wisdom that left-wingers are more creative.

  • S2022E44 Halloween Special

    • October 29, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss a vast array of spooky, scary and creepy phenomena that either have elements of the natural or supernatural.

  • S2022E45 The Psychology and Morality of Pornography

    • November 5, 2022

    Josh and Connor discuss the psychological impacts and moral implications of pornography, with reference to the wider negative impacts for society.

  • S2022E46 The Origin of Humanity: Part I

    • November 12, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss paleoanthropological evidence concerning humanity’s evolutionary ancestors and what they looked like, how intelligent they were and the beginning of what can be described as “culture.”

  • S2022E47 The Origin of Humanity: Part II

    • November 19, 2022

    Josh and Beau continue their discussion about our hominid ancestors. They also address the debate on when anatomically modern humans began to exist and whether they truly have African origins.

  • S2022E48 A Brief History of The Lotus Eaters

    • November 26, 2022

    Josh and Carl discuss the trials and tribulations, highs and lows, of two years of Lotus Eaters.

  • S2022E49 Science ‘Proves’ Leftists are Bad People

    • December 3, 2022

    Josh and Harry examine the recent research looking into the links between left-wing politics and negative personality traits.

  • S2022E50 Are We a Civilisation of Drug Addicts?

    • December 10, 2022

    Josh and Connor discuss the question of whether we, as a civilization, are too dependent on psychiatric drugs and evaluate the underlying philosophy of that approach to treating psychological conditions. They also discuss the alarming side-effects of the contraceptive pill, many of which are not widely known.

  • S2022E51 How Accurate Are Stereotypes?

    • December 17, 2022

    Josh and Harry discuss the psychological research looking at how accurate our stereotypes truly are.

  • S2022E52 Christmas Traditions

    • December 24, 2022

    Josh and Beau discuss the origin and meaning behind Christmas traditions.

  • S2022E53 The Importance of Family

    • December 31, 2022

    Josh and Carl discuss the science and data that supports the anecdotal benefits of family.

Season 2023

  • S2023E01 Best Innovations of 2022

    • January 7, 2023

    Josh and Connor discuss some of the best innovations of 2022 in an attempt to paint a picture of our future that is not entirely negative.

  • S2023E02 Morality

    • January 14, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss different perspectives on morality and seek to establish which perspective is best.

  • S2023E03 Celtic Mythology: Religion and Philosophy

    • January 21, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss what we know of Celtic religion and philosophy.

  • S2023E04 Celtic Mythology: The Gods

    • January 28, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss what we know of some of the major celtic gods.

  • S2023E05 Libertarianism

    • February 4, 2023

    Josh and Harry discuss the different types of Libertarianism and evaluate some of the criticisms of them.

  • S2023E06 How To Spot a Liar

    • February 11, 2023

    Josh and Connor discuss the lie detector test, other methods of establishing whether someone is lying and criminal profiling.

  • S2023E07 Tao Te Ching

    • February 18, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss the ancient Chinese philosophical text known as the Tao Te Ching and the lessons contained within.

  • S2023E08 The Limitations of Science

    • February 25, 2023

    Josh and Carl discuss some of the problems that plague the sciences and evaluate the philosophy that defines their quest for truth.

  • S2023E09 Dreams

    • March 4, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss the nature of dreams and whether they contain any meaning.

  • S2023E10 How Corporations Exploit Ordinary People

    • March 11, 2023

    Josh and Harry discuss all the underhanded ways private companies get money out of their customers.

  • S2023E11 Debate: Euthanasia

    • March 18, 2023

    Josh and Connor debate the issue of euthanasia with reference to both the moral and practical implications.

  • S2023E12 Are Video Games Bad For You?

    • March 25, 2023

    Josh and Harry discuss the research examining the positive and negative psychological effects of playing video games.

  • S2023E13 Did We Domesticate Ourselves?

    • April 1, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss the evolutionary biological theory that we have unintentionally domesticated ourselves and its implications for our understanding of human nature.

  • S2023E14 UFOs: Are They Possible?

    • April 8, 2023

    Josh and Carl discuss the possibility of alien life and look at some of the reporting on UFOs in the media.

  • S2023E15 UFOs: The Sightings

    • April 15, 2023

    Josh and Carl discuss both the most credible UFO sightings as well as what is not a UFO.

  • S2023E16 Are Cities The Problem?

    • April 22, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss whether the environment of cities negatively shapes the psychology and philosophy of those who live within them creating many of the problems we see today.

  • S2023E17 The Mouse Utopia Experiment

    • April 29, 2023

    Josh and Connor discuss ethologist John B. Calhoun’s famous “Behavioural Sink” experiment where he found that rats and mice, in an overcrowded environment with abundant resources, behaved in many alarming ways. The study has worrying implications when applied to human civilisation.

  • S2023E18 Why IQ is Not a Good Measure of Intelligence

    • May 6, 2023

    Josh discusses what IQ is, its strengths and weaknesses and different notions of intelligence.

  • S2023E19 How to Think Better

    • May 13, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss methods of overcoming the innate limitations that are present in the human brain through our unique ability to introspect and correct aspects of our nature.

  • S2023E20 Is Freedom Even Possible?

    • May 20, 2023

    Josh and Dan discuss whether the forces seeking to undermine freedom of the individual could ever be overcome in any meaningful way.

  • S2023E21 Victorian Manners and Etiquette: Part I

    • May 27, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss Victorian standards of etiquette and politeness, touching on general politeness, conversation and the dinner table.

  • S2023E22 Victorian Manners and Etiquette: Part II

    • June 3, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss Victorian standards of etiquette and politeness, touching on general politeness, conversation and the dinner table.

  • S2023E23 Victorian Values: Monarchy & Politics

    • June 10, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss Victorian attitudes towards Queen Victoria and the political issues of their day.

  • S2023E24 Victorian Values: The Arts & Sciences

    • June 17, 2023

    Josh and Beau discuss Victorian attitudes towards queen Victoria and the political issues of their day.

  • S2023E25 Order & Chaos

    • June 24, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss mythological notions of order and chaos.

  • S2023E26 What Makes Music Good?

    • July 1, 2023

    Josh, Stelios, Harry and Rory discuss which factors contribute to music being perceived as good or not.

  • S2023E27 When Does Something Become A Vice?

    • July 8, 2023

    Josh and Connor discuss where to place the line between healthy behaviour and vice.

  • S2023E28 Who Are Our Political Friends and Enemies?

    • July 15, 2023

    Josh and Harry discuss Carl Schmitt’s Friend-Enemy Distinction and how it applies to contemporary politics.

  • S2023E29 Does Geography Determine the Success of a Country?

    • July 22, 2023

    This week Josh and Beau discuss the degree to which geography determines the success of a country. They look at various elements, including navigable rivers and coastlines, local climate conditions, the military disposition of neighbours, and many more factors.

  • S2023E30 Right-Wing Environmentalism

    • July 29, 2023

    Josh, Rory and Connor discuss various perspectives on the environment and why it is important.

  • S2023E31 Understanding Europe

    • August 5, 2023

    Josh and Stelios explain the differences in Europe, some comedic, some serious, using various maps.

  • S2023E32 Cults: Part I

    • August 12, 2023

    Josh, Beau, and Stelios discuss the Melanesian Cargo Cults, who worshipped western goods, aeroplanes and boats, that sprung up in response to contact with European civilisation.

  • S2023E33 Cults: Part II

    • August 19, 2023

    Josh, Stelios and Beau discuss the Osho movement with respect to what they believe, their actions and how they relate to other cults.

  • S2023E34 Cults: Part III

    • August 26, 2023

    Josh, Stelios and Beau discuss the life of Scientology's founder L. Ron Hubbard, what Scientologists believe and what criteria qualify them to be regarded as a cult.

  • S2023E35 Cults: Part IV

    • September 2, 2023

    Josh, Stelios and Beau discuss the sorry state of cult psychology and propose better alternatives.

  • S2023E36 The Economics of Organised Crime

    • September 9, 2023

    Josh, Dan and Connor talk about the metrics of organised crimes, rates of criminality across the globe and how they differ from country to country.

  • S2023E37 The Origins of the English Language: Part I

    • September 16, 2023

    Josh discusses the history of the English language. In this part, he discusses the Indo-European origin point, Celtic and Roman influences and the Anglo-Saxon languages (Old English) that are the basis of Modern English.

  • S2023E38 The Origins of the English Language: Part II

    • September 23, 2023

    Josh discusses the history of the English language. In this part he discusses the influence of Vikings, the Normans, the character of both Middle and early Modern English and words that have entered our language through the colonial era.

  • S2023E39 Right-wing Wokeism: Part I

    • September 30, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss right-wing wokeism. They identify how sections of the right mirror the behaviour of the woke left.

  • S2023E40 Right-wing Wokeism: Part II

    • October 7, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss right-wing wokeism. They identify how sections of the right mirror the behaviour of the woke left.

  • S2023E41 The Paradox of Tolerance

    • October 14, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss philosopher Karl Popper’s Paradox of Tolerance and how the left misrepresents the theory to their own nefarious ends.

  • S2023E42 Debate: Liberalism

    • October 21, 2023

    Josh and Stelios debate with Carl and Connor about the values of liberalism and whether it is responsible for the situation we find ourselves in.

  • S2023E43 Debate: Liberalism Part II

    • October 28, 2023

    Josh and Stelios debate with Carl and Connor about the values of liberalism and whether it is responsible for the situation we find ourselves in.

  • S2023E44 The Psychology of Horror

    • November 4, 2023

    Josh, Harry and Connor are joined by special guest Proper Horrorshow to discuss the nature of horror.

  • S2023E45 New Space Exploration Revelations

    • November 12, 2023

    Josh, Beau and Dan discuss the discoveries made over the past year by the James Webb Space Telescope.

  • S2023E46 Debate: Liberalism Part III

    • November 18, 2023

    Josh and Stelios debate with Carl and Connor about the values of liberalism and whether it is responsible for the situation we find ourselves in.

  • S2023E47 Debate: Is Society Going to Collapse?

    • November 25, 2023

    Josh and Beau debate Carl and Connor on the likelihood that many of the problems we face today will lead to societal collapse in the future.

  • S2023E48 Debate: Veganism feat. David Ramms

    • December 2, 2023

    Josh debates vegan activist David Ramms on the ethics of eating meat and the viability of veganism.

  • S2023E49 Genes, Mutants and Modern Politics

    • December 9, 2023

    Josh and Harry discuss the research into the varying influences of genes on people's behaviour and attitudes towards politics.

  • S2023E50 How Intelligent Are Animals?

    • December 16, 2023

    Josh and Connor discuss animal intelligence, with particular focus on corvids (crows and ravens) and Orcas (Killer Whales).

  • S2023E51 What Makes Life Meaningful?

    • December 23, 2023

    Josh and Stelios discuss differing ideas on what makes life meaningful.

  • S2023E52 A Gentleman’s Guide to Cocktails

    • December 30, 2023

    Josh uses his past bartending experience to demonstrate how to make six iconic cocktails in time for New Year’s Eve.

Season 2024

  • S2024E01 Why You Should Read C S Lewis

    • January 6, 2024

    Connor & Lewis attempt to convince Josh to read the life and works of C S Lewis, by discussing his musings on truth and love, and his Christian apologetics.

  • S2024E02 The Wisdom of Chinese Proverbs: Part I

    • January 13, 2024

    Josh and Stelios discuss the meaning behind many Chinese proverbs, their history and how they compare to their Western Equivalents.

  • S2024E03 The Wisdom of Chinese Proverbs: Part II

    • January 20, 2024

    Josh and Stelios discuss the meaning behind many Chinese proverbs, their history and how they compare to their Western Equivalents.

  • S2024E04 Freud & Psychoanalysis

    • January 27, 2024

    Josh and Harry discuss the ideas of Sigmund Freud and how they compare to our modern understanding of human psychology.

  • S2024E05 Buddhism

    • February 3, 2024

    Josh, Connor and Rory discuss the basic tenets of buddhism, the differences between various schools of thought and how some aspects are consistent with modern psychological research.

  • S2024E06 Why The Political Compass Questions are Terrible

    • February 10, 2024

    Josh, Callum and Dan discuss the questions on the conventional political compass test and why they are a bad measure of political attitudes.

  • S2024E07 What Makes Films Good?

    • February 17, 2024

    Josh, Harry and Stelios discuss the principles that determine whether a film is regarded as good or not and make many suggestions of films which embody these principles well.

  • S2024E08 How Do We Deal with Bad Ideas?

    • February 24, 2024

    Josh and Stelios discuss how a society that values free speech can deal with bad ideas.

  • S2024E09 How Politicians Try to Manipulate You

    • March 2, 2024

    Josh and Connor discuss the methods in which politicians try to manipulate the electorate using methods similar to those of clinical psychopaths.

  • S2024E10 Understanding America

    • March 9, 2024

    Josh, Harry and Stelios explore the many differences between US states using statistical maps.

  • S2024E11 Just How Dystopian Is China?

    • March 16, 2024

    Josh assesses just how dystopian modern day China is based upon factors such as the social credit system, surveillance state and use of forced labour.

  • S2024E12 21st Century Manners and Etiquette

    • March 23, 2024

    Josh and Stelios discuss potential rules of manners and etiquette for the 21st century.

  • S2024E13 Ruby Ridge

    • March 30, 2024

    Josh and Beau discuss the events at Ruby Ridge where various US Federal agencies murdered two innocent people.

  • S2024E14 The End: A Retrospective

    • April 6, 2024

    Josh discusses his work over the past three years in the final episode of Contemplations.